American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Podcast

"Got Guts" The Micro Version: Characterize Mouse Glutamatergic Myenteric Neurons

In this episode, Jia Liu and Bin Feng highlight the recently published research titled "Morphological, molecular, and functional characterization of mouse glutamatergic myenteric neurons." In this research, the authors reveal that VGLUT2-positive enteric neurons (EN), although constituting a small fraction of total EN, are homogeneously expressed in the myenteric ganglia, with a slight concentration at the intermediate region between the colon and rectum. Through anatomic, molecular, and functional analyses, we demonstrated that VGLUT2-ENs are activated indirectly by noxious circumferential colorectal stretch via nicotinic cholinergic transmission, suggesting their participation in mechanical visceral nociception.

Article Citation:

Morphological, molecular, and functional characterization of mouse glutamatergic myenteric neurons

Jia Liu, Shaopeng Zhang, Sharareh Emadi, Tiantian Guo, Longtu Chen, and Bin Feng

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2024 326:3, G279-G290

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Gastric Neuromuscular Transmission

In this episode of the Got Guts podcast series Madeleine R. Di Natale of the University of Melbourne discusses the recently published manuscript titled "Characterization of neuromuscular transmission and projections of muscle motor neurons in the rat stomach."  This study provides a detailed mapping of nerve transmission to the circular muscle of the different anatomical regions of rat stomach. It shows that excitatory and inhibitory influences extend around the gastric circumference and that there is a summation of neural influence that allows for finely graded control of muscle tension and length. Nerve-mediated electrical events are qualitatively and quantitatively different between regions, for example, excitatory neurons have direct effects on fundus but not antral muscle.

 

Article Citation:

Characterization of neuromuscular transmission and projections of muscle motor neurons in the rat stomach

Madeleine R. Di Natale, Billie Hunne, Martin J. Stebbing, Xiaokai Wang, Zhongming Liu, and John B. Furness

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2024 326:1, G78-G93

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Gene expression and microbiome composition in EsoCaSR-/-mice

In this episode of the Got Guts Podcast series, Solange M. Abdulnour-Nakhoul of Tulane University, discusses the recently published manuscript titled "Alterations in gene expression and microbiome composition upon calcium sensing receptor deletion in the mouse esophagus." In this research  Abdulnour-Nakhoul et al. highlight why calcium sensing receptor plays a significant role in maintaining the barrier function of esophageal epithelium.

 

Article Citation:

Alterations in gene expression and microbiome composition upon calcium sensing receptor deletion in the mouse esophagus

Solange M. Abdulnour-Nakhoul, Jay K. Kolls, Eric K. Flemington, Nathan A. Ungerleider, Hani N. Nakhoul, Kejing Song, and Nazih L. Nakhoul

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 0 0:0

 

 

"Got Guts" Special Episode: The GI and Liver Section at the 2024 American Physiology Summit

Listen as Editor in Chief of AJPGI and Liver Physiology, Mark Frey and the Chair of the Gastrointestinal & Liver Section, Pradeep Dudeja discuss what they are looking forward at the 2024 American Physiology Summit, April 4-7th. 

 

Registration Deadline for American Physiology Summit is March 11, 2024.

 

Click here for more info on the American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Pf Inhibits Inflammation-Induced Epithelial Break-Down

In this episode Marine Mantel of Nantes Université discusses the recently published research in AJP-GI and Liver Physiology titled "Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 mitigates colitis through S layer protein B-dependent epithelial strengthening." 

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Propionibacterium freudenreichii reduces dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal permeability in vivo. P. freudenreichii does not inhibit inflammation but damages linked to inflammation. P. freudenreichii inhibits intestinal epithelial breakdown through S-layer protein B. The protective effects of P. freudenreichii depend on S-layer protein B. Extracellular vesicles from P. freudenreichii CB 129 mimic the protective effect of the probiotic.

 

Article Citation:

Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 mitigates colitis through S layer protein B-dependent epithelial strengthening

Marine Mantel, Tony Durand, Anne Bessard, Ségolène Pernet, Julie Beaudeau, Juliana Guimaraes-Laguna, Marie-Bernadette Maillard, Eric Guédon, Michel Neunlist, Yves Le Loir, Gwénaël Jan, and Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2024 326:2, G163-G175

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: IL-4Rα Signaling in Esophageal Smooth Muscle

In this episode author, Melissa Nelson of Baylor University Medical Center, discusses the recently published manuscript titled "Th2 Cytokine Signaling through IL-4Rα Increases Eotaxin-3 Secretion and Tension in Human Esophageal Smooth Muscle."

 

New and Noteworthy:

Nelson et al. have found that Th2 cytokines increase eotaxin-3 secretion and tension in esophageal smooth muscle (ESM) cells via IL-4Rα signaling. Unlike esophageal epithelial cells, ESM cells do not express H+,K+ATPase, and omeprazole does not inhibit their cytokine-stimulated eotaxin-3 secretion or tension. An IL-4Rα blocking antibody reduces both eotaxin-3 secretion and tension induced by Th2 cytokines in ESM cells, suggesting that an agent such as dupilumab might be preferred for EoE patients with esophageal muscle involvement.

 

Article Citation:

Th2 Cytokine Signaling through IL-4Rα Increases Eotaxin-3 Secretion and Tension in Human Esophageal Smooth Muscle

Melissa R. Nelson, Xi Zhang, Eitan Podgaetz, Xuan Wang, Qiuyang Zhang, Zui Pan, Stuart Jon Spechler, and Rhonda F. Souza

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 0 0:0

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Order of Events after Keratin 8 Sequential Downregulation

In this podcast, authors Maria A. Ilomäki and Lauri Polari (both at Åbo Akademi University) discuss their recently published research titled “Defining a timeline of colon pathologies after keratin 8 loss: Rapid crypt elongation and diarrhea are followed by epithelial erosion and cell exfoliation.”

 

New and Noteworthy:

Understanding the order in which physiological and molecular events occur helps to recognize the onset of diseases and improve their preclinical models. We utilized Cre-Lox-based inducible keratin 8 deletion in mouse intestinal epithelium to characterize the earliest events after keratin 8 loss leading to colitis. These include diarrhea and crypt elongation, followed by erosion and neutrophil activity. The authors results also support noninvasive methodology for monitoring colon diseases in preclinical models.

 

Article Citation: 

Defining a timeline of colon pathologies after keratin 8 loss: Rapid crypt elongation and diarrhea are followed by epithelial erosion and cell exfoliation

Maria A. Ilomäki, Lauri Polari, Carl-Gustaf A. Stenvall, Mina Tayyab, Kirah Kähärä, Karen M. Ridge, and Diana M. Toivola

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 0 0:0

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Effects of in utero fluoxetine exposure on the GI tract

In this episode authors Katherine L. Prowse,, and Elyanne M. Ratcliffe of McMaster University, discuss their recently published article titled “Effects of in utero exposure to fluoxetine on the gastrointestinal tract of rat offspring.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is increasing recognition of the relevance of in utero and early postnatal exposures in the developmental programming of the gastrointestinal tract. Perinatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antidepressant medications is of particular relevance as they are commonly prescribed during pregnancy, and serotonergic pathways play key roles during gastrointestinal development and in postnatal homeostasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of clinically relevant outcomes of gastrointestinal motility and susceptibility to colitis in fluoxetine-exposed offspring and highlight changes in colonic serotonergic neurons at the peak of perinatal fluoxetine exposure with sex-dependent changes in serotonin signaling and colonic motility in adulthood.

 

Article Citation:

Effects of in utero exposure to fluoxetine on the gastrointestinal tract of rat offspring

Katherine L. Prowse, Harriet Law, Sergio Raez-Villanueva, Filip Markovic, Megan Wang, Rajka Borojevic, Sean P. Parsons, Alexander D. Vincent, Alison C. Holloway, and Elyanne M. Ratcliffe

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

 2023 325:6, G528-G538

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Colon ion transporter gene expression during cirrhosis

Diego Alvarez de la Rosa of the University of La Laguna discusses the recently published manuscript titled “Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Liver cirrhosis progression significantly alters ion transporter subunit expression in the rat distal colon, a change that correlated well with declining kidney function and the severity of the disease. Natalia Serrano-Morillas et al. data suggests that the steroid hormone aldosterone participates in this homeostatic response to maintain electrolyte balance.

 

Article Citation:

Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression

Natalia Serrano-Morillas, Carlos González-Alayón, Arianna Vastola-Mascolo, Ana E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Guadalberto Hernández, Esteban Porrini, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, and Diego Alvarez de la Rosa

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:4, G306-G317

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Maternal influenza infection and offspring gut immunity

In this podcast lead author Dr. Stella Liong of RMIT University, discusses the recently published manuscript titled “Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy causes immunological changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of offspring mice.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy is associated with changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the offspring in a region-dependent manner. Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were elevated in the cecal patch of offspring from infected dams. This increase in innate immune cell infiltration was not observed in the Peyer’s patches. T cells were also elevated in the cecal patch but not in the Peyer’s patches.

 

Article Citation:

Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy causes immunological changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of offspring mice

Stella Liong, Mark A. Miles, Mitra Mohsenipour, Felicia Liong, Elisa L. Hill-Yardin, and Stavros Selemidis

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:3, G230-G238