American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Podcast

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Order of Events after Keratin 8 Sequential Downregulation

In this podcast, authors Maria A. Ilomäki and Lauri Polari (both at Åbo Akademi University) discuss their recently published research titled “Defining a timeline of colon pathologies after keratin 8 loss: Rapid crypt elongation and diarrhea are followed by epithelial erosion and cell exfoliation.”

 

New and Noteworthy:

Understanding the order in which physiological and molecular events occur helps to recognize the onset of diseases and improve their preclinical models. We utilized Cre-Lox-based inducible keratin 8 deletion in mouse intestinal epithelium to characterize the earliest events after keratin 8 loss leading to colitis. These include diarrhea and crypt elongation, followed by erosion and neutrophil activity. The authors results also support noninvasive methodology for monitoring colon diseases in preclinical models.

 

Article Citation: 

Defining a timeline of colon pathologies after keratin 8 loss: Rapid crypt elongation and diarrhea are followed by epithelial erosion and cell exfoliation

Maria A. Ilomäki, Lauri Polari, Carl-Gustaf A. Stenvall, Mina Tayyab, Kirah Kähärä, Karen M. Ridge, and Diana M. Toivola

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 0 0:0

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Effects of in utero fluoxetine exposure on the GI tract

In this episode authors Katherine L. Prowse,, and Elyanne M. Ratcliffe of McMaster University, discuss their recently published article titled “Effects of in utero exposure to fluoxetine on the gastrointestinal tract of rat offspring.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is increasing recognition of the relevance of in utero and early postnatal exposures in the developmental programming of the gastrointestinal tract. Perinatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antidepressant medications is of particular relevance as they are commonly prescribed during pregnancy, and serotonergic pathways play key roles during gastrointestinal development and in postnatal homeostasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of clinically relevant outcomes of gastrointestinal motility and susceptibility to colitis in fluoxetine-exposed offspring and highlight changes in colonic serotonergic neurons at the peak of perinatal fluoxetine exposure with sex-dependent changes in serotonin signaling and colonic motility in adulthood.

 

Article Citation:

Effects of in utero exposure to fluoxetine on the gastrointestinal tract of rat offspring

Katherine L. Prowse, Harriet Law, Sergio Raez-Villanueva, Filip Markovic, Megan Wang, Rajka Borojevic, Sean P. Parsons, Alexander D. Vincent, Alison C. Holloway, and Elyanne M. Ratcliffe

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

 2023 325:6, G528-G538

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Colon ion transporter gene expression during cirrhosis

Diego Alvarez de la Rosa of the University of La Laguna discusses the recently published manuscript titled “Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Liver cirrhosis progression significantly alters ion transporter subunit expression in the rat distal colon, a change that correlated well with declining kidney function and the severity of the disease. Natalia Serrano-Morillas et al. data suggests that the steroid hormone aldosterone participates in this homeostatic response to maintain electrolyte balance.

 

Article Citation:

Decaying kidney function during cirrhosis correlates with remodeling of distal colon aldosterone target gene expression

Natalia Serrano-Morillas, Carlos González-Alayón, Arianna Vastola-Mascolo, Ana E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Guadalberto Hernández, Esteban Porrini, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, and Diego Alvarez de la Rosa

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:4, G306-G317

”Got Guts” The Micro Version: Maternal influenza infection and offspring gut immunity

In this podcast lead author Dr. Stella Liong of RMIT University, discusses the recently published manuscript titled “Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy causes immunological changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of offspring mice.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy is associated with changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the offspring in a region-dependent manner. Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were elevated in the cecal patch of offspring from infected dams. This increase in innate immune cell infiltration was not observed in the Peyer’s patches. T cells were also elevated in the cecal patch but not in the Peyer’s patches.

 

Article Citation:

Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy causes immunological changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of offspring mice

Stella Liong, Mark A. Miles, Mitra Mohsenipour, Felicia Liong, Elisa L. Hill-Yardin, and Stavros Selemidis

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:3, G230-G238

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Kalidas Ramamoorthy

First author, Dr. Kalidas Ramamoorthy of the University of California, Irvine discusses the recently published paper titled “miR-122-5p is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter (SLC25A19) in pancreatic acinar cells.”

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the expression and function of mitochondrial TPP transporter (MTPPT) are subject to posttranscriptional regulation by miRNA-122-5p in pancreatic acinar cells.

 

Article Citation:

miR-122-5p is involved in posttranscriptional regulation of the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter (SLC25A19) in pancreatic acinar cells

Kalidas Ramamoorthy, Subrata Sabui, Kameron I. Manzon, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, and Hamid M. Said

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:4, G347-G355

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Steven Hutchens and Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay

In this podcast  Steven Hutchens and Dr. Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay of the University of Texas at Austin discuss the recently published research titled "Hepatic and intestinal manganese excretion are both required to regulate brain manganese during elevated manganese exposure." 

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article shows that, in contrast with expectations from prior studies and physiological conditions, excretion of manganese by the intestines and liver is equally important in controlling brain manganese during human-relevant manganese exposure. The results provide foundational insights about the interorgan mechanisms that control brain manganese homeostasis at the organism level and have important implications for the development of therapeutics to treat manganese-induced neurological disease.

 

Article Citation: 

Hepatic and intestinal manganese excretion are both required to regulate brain manganese during elevated manganese exposure

Steven Hutchens, Thomas P. Jursa, Ashvini Melkote, Stephanie M. Grant, Donald R. Smith, and Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:3, G251-G264

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Jihane N. Benhammou

In this episode, Dr. Jihane N. Benhammou of UCLA discusses the recently published article titled "Lipophilic statins inhibit YAP coactivator transcriptional activity in HCC cells through Rho-mediated modulation of actin cytoskeleton."

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Statins are widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, their use has been associated with a decrease in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, their mechanism(s) has remained elusive. In this study, we delineate the mechanism by which statins affect the Yes-associated protein (YAP), which has emerged as a key oncogenic pathway in HCC. We investigate each step of the mevalonate pathway and demonstrate that statins regulate YAP via Rho GTPases.

 

Article Citation:

Lipophilic statins inhibit YAP coactivator transcriptional activity in HCC cells through Rho-mediated modulation of actin cytoskeleton

Jihane N. Benhammou, Bo Qiao, Arthur Ko, James Sinnett-Smith, Joseph R. Pisegna, and Enrique Rozengurt

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 325:3, G239-G250

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Francisco Pascual and Samuel Camilli

In this podcast coauthors Francisco Pascual, and Samuel Camilli of Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida discuss the recently published Perspectives titled "Mind-body connection: metabolite 4-ethylphenyl linked to anxiety behavior and oligodendrocyte modification in autism spectrum disorder."

 

Article Citation:

Mind-body connection: metabolite 4-ethylphenyl linked to anxiety behavior and oligodendrocyte modification in autism spectrum disorder

Francisco Pascual, Samuel Camilli, Richard F. Lockey, and Narasaiah Kolliputi

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 324:6, G422-G425

 

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Theo A.T.G. van Kempen and Gavin M. Boerboom

In this podcast Prof. Theo A.T.G. van Kempen of North Carolina State University and Dr. Gavin M. Boerboom of Trouw Nutrition discuss their recently published perspectives paper titled "Is the intestinal mucous layer a natural deep eutectic solvent-based digestion matrix?"

 

Article Citation:

Is the intestinal mucous layer a natural deep eutectic solvent-based digestion matrix?

Theo A.T.G. van Kempen and Gavin M. Boerboom

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 324:6, G438-G441

”Got Guts” the Micro Version with Jessica A. Breznik

In this podcast first author Dr. Jessica A. Breznik of McMaster University, discusses the recently published manuscript titled "Diet-induced obesity alters intestinal monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages and increases intestinal permeability in female mice independent of tumor necrosis factor." 

 

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that diet-induced obesity in female mice has tissue- and time-dependent effects on intestinal paracellular permeability as well as monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophage numbers, surface marker phenotype, and intracellular production of the cytokines IL-10 and TNF. These changes were not mediated by TNF.

 

Article Citation: 

Diet-induced obesity alters intestinal monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages and increases intestinal permeability in female mice independent of tumor necrosis factor

Jessica A. Breznik, Jennifer Jury, Elena F. Verdú, Deborah M. Sloboda, and Dawn M. E. Bowdish

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2023 324:4, G305-G321